Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, is generally recognised as one of the most controversial thinkers of the twentieth century. Working initially in a close 1RELATE with Joseph Breuer, Freud elaborated the influential theory of the mind as a complex energy system. He articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious and of repression, and proposed a tri-partite account of the mind’s structure, all as part of a radically new conceptual and 2THERAPY frame of reference for the understanding of human 3PSYCHOLOGY development and the understanding of mental conditions such as hysteria. Notwithstanding the multiple 4MANIFEST of psychoanalysis as it exists today, it can in almost all fundamental respects be traced directly back to Freud’s original work. Moreover, Freud’s 5INNOVATE treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed cultural artefacts as invariably possessing implicit 6SYMBOL significance has proven to be 7ORDINARY fecund and has had important implications for a wide variety of other fields such as anthropology and artistic 8CREATE. And this is Sigmund Freud!