The way in which cities are planned and built has a profound impact on the quality of life of (0) THEIR inhabitants. In recent decades, urban planners have increasingly recognised that the design of public spaces plays a far 1 significant role in community wellbeing than was previously thought. Neighbourhoods that lack green areas and places for social interaction tend to experience higher rates of isolation and crime, both of 2 can have lasting effects on the health of a community. It was partly in response to 3 concerns that the concept of the '15-minute city' gained prominence — the idea that everything a person needs should be accessible 4 foot within a quarter of an hour. Ambitious 5 this vision may sound, several cities around the world have already begun implementing elements of the model. Paris, for instance, has invested heavily in cycling infrastructure, and the pedestrianisation of key areas has 6 only reduced traffic congestion but also improved air quality significantly. There are, however, 7 who argue that such measures disproportionately benefit wealthier districts and risk displacing lower-income residents. Striking the right balance between innovation and inclusivity is no easy task, and it is one 8 which urban planners will continue to grapple for years to come.