Public transport systems in major cities are under increasing pressure (0) AS populations continue to grow and the demand for efficient travel rises. In many urban areas, existing infrastructure was designed decades 1 and is no longer capable of meeting the needs of modern commuters. Overcrowding on buses and trains has become a daily reality for millions of people, 2 of whom spend over an hour travelling to and from work each day. Governments have responded by investing heavily 3 new transport projects, including high-speed rail networks and expanded metro systems. The cost of 4 developments is enormous, however, and it can take many years before any real improvements are felt by the public. The rise of electric vehicles and ride-sharing services has also had 5 impact on how people choose to get around. Some city planners believe that the future lies in creating car-free zones, 6 would encourage more people to walk or cycle instead. 7 remains to be seen is whether these initiatives will be enough to address the growing transport crisis. What is clear is that 8 action is taken soon, the situation will only continue to get worse.