The design of public buildings has evolved considerably over the past century, reflecting changes in both technology and social values. Modern architects are expected to create structures that are not (0) ONLY functional but also environmentally sustainable. In recent years, there has been a growing demand 1 buildings that use renewable energy sources and minimise waste during construction. Green building standards, 2 as LEED and BREEAM, have been introduced to encourage developers to adopt more sustainable practices. These certification systems assess a building's performance in a number 3 areas, including energy efficiency, water conservation, and indoor air quality. One of the biggest challenges architects face is finding the right balance 4 aesthetic appeal and practical sustainability. A building may look impressive, but if it consumes excessive amounts of energy, it cannot truly be considered well designed. Furthermore, the materials 5 in construction have come under increasing scrutiny, with many experts calling for a shift away from concrete and steel towards more sustainable alternatives. It has 6 estimated that the construction industry is responsible for a significant proportion of global carbon emissions. 7 a consequence, governments around the world have begun to introduce stricter regulations aimed at reducing the environmental impact of new developments. The buildings we construct today will shape the cities of tomorrow, and it is 8 to us to ensure they are built responsibly.