Anyone who has spent time in a major European capital will be (0) FAMILIAR with the frustration of urban traffic. In many cities, average speeds during peak hours have barely changed in half a century, while pollution levels and commuting times continue to take a heavy on residents. Against this background, a growing number of councils are attempting to the way people move around.
The measures under discussion are rarely popular at first Low-emission zones, reduced speed limits and the replacement of parking spaces with cycle lanes tend to be with suspicion by drivers, and shopkeepers often fear that restrictions will drive customers away. Yet a closer look at cities such as Paris and Copenhagen suggests that these concerns, although understandable, may be exaggerated.
In fact, high-quality public transport, combined with safer conditions for pedestrians and cyclists, has been shown to boost spending rather than depress it. Streets that are pleasant to walk along attract longer visits, and retailers frequently see their turnover rise within a few years of pedestrianisation.
None of this means that the transition will be easy. Bold policies require political courage, careful planning and a willingness to long-established habits. Nevertheless, the costs of are now so evident that standing still is no longer a realistic option.